Before the U.S. declared war on Germany in April 1917, many German-Americans — especially those that had been born in Germany — openly supported the Germans in the war against Britain, France, and Russia. Once the U.S. entered the war, though, the vast majority of German-Americans supported the American war effort.
Every war the U.S. has fought has been vocally opposed by a minority of Americans, and World War I was no different. But it was quickly assumed by many Americans that all German-Americans were loyal to the Kaiser. People with German-sounding last names were persecuted. German-owned businesses faced boycotts. In towns founded by German immigrants, German street names were changed. A Minnesota man was tarred and feathered when he was heard praying in German with a dying woman. At least one man was hanged merely because he was believed to be of German descent. High schools dropped German classes, and schools in majority-German areas were required to teach only in English. In Iowa, a 1918 law prohibited speaking any language other than English in public.
Woodrow Wilson’s administration was directly responsible for this anti-German-American hysteria. The government’s propaganda posters portrayed Germans as brutes and barbarians, encouraging Americans to dehumanize the enemy — to think of Germans as less than human.
In November 1917, former U.S. ambassador to Germany James W. Gerard made a speech in which he openly questioned the loyalty of German-Americans. Speaking to the Ladies Aid Society of St. Mary’s Hospital in New York, he demanded the complete devotion of all Americans to the war effort and threatened to hang German-American spies from lamp-posts. Twenty years earlier, Gerard’s speech would likely have been forgotten. But by 1917, the speech could be recorded, pressed onto records, and distributed. Gerard’s references to lynching were heard across the country.
It is sad to see a whole culture was shielded from the pubic eye. It must have been scary immigrating to America speaking only German.
ReplyDeleteI think it's sad that they were so against German Americans. I mean, didn't those Germans Coke here to America because they didn't like where they were? Sure some of them might be loyal to Germany but i think most of them would fight for America or just do nothing, not fight for Germany
ReplyDeleteI think its terrible that someone would think that its okay to lynch someone because the country they came from or ancestors were from is on the opposing side of the war.
ReplyDeleteWell, to go against the grain here a little, I agree with Mr. Gerard that if the German-American immigrants still are loyal to the Kaiser and show it, Why not ship them back to be with the Kaiser? No country should want to keep a mass of people who are against the country they live in.
ReplyDeleteIf Germany was right, and all the German-American's did rise against America, America would have the right to punish and or protect itself from the Germans who are going against them. It would sort of be no different that if WWI battles took place in America.
But, I have a hard time imagining a German American who left his/her country for some reason to live in America would rise against America. This is because if they were loyal to their Kaiser before they left as they presumably are afterwards, why would they leave Germany in the first place? If they were all still loyal to Germany, how much loyalty did they show by leaving Germany to live on American ground!
I know!!! German "Sounding"?!?!?!??! And look at the guy who was hung for being BELIEVED to be of German heritage! It is so terribly sad!!! :'(
ReplyDeleteSorry this is late again! But while I was reading the last blog I had a reaction too it, but while reading this my jaw dropped. I agree it is rediculous to kill someone if you believe they MIGHT be German. If they do show that they hate America show it I do agree that they should go back to gemany, but if not there is no good reason to to anything wrong to them.
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